America is a continent that lies between two oceans, the Pacific ocean in the west and the Atlantic ocean in the east. Continental United States, before the coming of Western nations, has been inhabited by Indian tribes who come from Asia is estimated. There are many versions about the origins of Indian peoples in the United States, for example:
a. Muhammad Yamin in his book "History of America" said that the Indian nations are from Asia, into the United States in 3 waves at the time of neolithikum. The first
wave of migration is the Mongols from Asia to the East Sea with North America via
Bering Strait, approximately 13,000 years ago. The second wave of Austronesian
peoples from west to east through the Pacific ocean and arrive in South America.
Third wave of migration by sea Austronesia ocean currents that move from New
Zealand and East Asia moves toward South America. Solidarity between peoples and Mongols Austronesia forth in the American Indian nations.
b. According to another version, approximately 20,000 to 50,000 years ago the nation
Amurian from Siberia in Russia wade through the Bering strait to the continent
Amerika.kemudian followed by the Mongols to the early centuries BC-1, from
mixing the two nations, the United States was born Indian civilization (Amerind ) that
spread throughout the continental United States from north to south, they live from
hunting, fishing, gathering food and wild fruits.
Indian nations are developing in the United States consist of various tribes. Among the tribes of Indian nations, which have the high civilization and culture, such as The Aztek and Maya in Mexico and the Inca tribe in Peru.
a. Aztec culture
Nahua tribe, who arrived in the last Mexican land high, inherited the family culture in a broad area. One of the tribe that is or Mexica-Aztec Aztec. In the beginning of the nation is the Aztec tribe who first fought in the borderland region. During their odyssey as a group of outside lines, Aztec nations sometimes have to decline dressed leaves and insects to eat. In the years around 1325 BC until the Aztec nation is now at the city of Mexico. That time the place is a marshy lake plate and smaller islands.
On an island in the lake Tecoco, Aztec nations have inspiring because it was such looked a eagle with a snake in the mouth, who are on a perch on the cactus. Because it is considered as a supernatural omen, the pastor declaration that island nation have been selected for the Aztec gods by them. In there build their city Tenochtitlan. They expand the city with the raft-raft made of plaited rattan twig and the hillock soil and plants. In the area of this lake they develop agriculture that is primitive. City Tenocthitlan the Aztec nation was founded by then evolved into a center of ritual activities. Cult pyramid-shaped building lot is established.
Aztec nation is a nation that go to war, for them the war is part of the culture and part of the system of belief. Aztec nation worship many gods or politheisme. They worship the sun god Huitzilochti. They believe that the sun is the source of life and must be continually maintained, continue to be outstanding on orbite and rotates up and drowned. Lubricant is needed for the pure blood of the people. They believe that human sacrifice is a sacred task and must be done so that the sun god still provide prosperity for people. The ritual sacrifice is done over the altar culminated pyramid by taking a heart for the victims of clergy. Ritual human sacrifice is also done in bulk in a way to kill many people.
There are three hypothetical made by the anthropologist about the reasons of human reason for the addition of the god, namely:
1. Sacrifice is done to reduce the number of people, especially since the number of
prisoners of war increased rapidly compared with the number of births.
2. To give to the bodies of people who sacrificed as a source of protein and vitamins.
Hypothetical is very weak, because the Aztec nation produce corn, beans, and keep
the dog, chickens and turkeys.
3. Opinion is more rational to scaring the protester and the rebels, so they do
not fight against the king's authority. Many of the prisoners of war and made a large
number of victims to the sun god, the people who become innocent targets also fall
victim to such a general one in lead the war, the grafter, the judge wrongly decided,
and state officials who do wrong, including the enter the forbidden area of the king's
palace.
In book State and Nation, Huzlopochtli mentioned that, in particular, as gluttonous so special ceremony at the thousands of people sacrificed as offerings in time for one day only. Monte Zuma II never compromising the 5100 victims in a memorial service hi throne. At the time Ahuitzolt the power on the 15-th century, at least 20,000 people become victims of life in the ceremony. Send with potential victims to the top of pyramid where the pastor gets their heart and cut the victim with a knife a glass stone, and dedicating with warm and still-warm blood smeared the stone altar to the gods. For offering such a mass, the Aztec nation can not rely on volunteers and therefore, they often send a group of combatants to the allies to intercept the candidates of the victim.
At the peak of the triumph of Aztec, Tenochittlan is the central ritual of the blood to-be. Various reception ritual and other, creating a life-visional by the symbol of death. For the Aztec nation, human blood is a ritual to prevent the destruction of the world, that they are marked by lost the sun. The ritual sacrifice to the Aztec nation is not that egregious, as well as for potential victims. According to their belief, in the death of the pastor is an honor. Be devoted to the victims of the gods with a chest chop and take heart, not so angry and hungry, and bring in natural disasters. Belief in this view of the Aztec influence. Since childhood they have been trained to be ready to sacrifice rituals when their captivity in the war. Died as a sacrifice for the ceremony means that chip in their hearts and blood to be devoted to the sun god, and thus participate in the strengthening sun daily battle against the dark (night) so that they become an important part of the sun.
Aztec nations have built art or architecture that is very high. When the people come to Spain Tenocl cities (Mexico City) they see the progress of this nation. Here there are buildings such as aquadec or other building, where the main street of the city, wide streets, and canals that go through the city and the bridge above. Buildings using high technology, according to time. In the center of the city built major temples as offerings to the sun god. High building 30 meters, consists of three levels, each level has a 120 round. Build in the streets and canals that are wide to facilitate the traffic of merchandise and people. Program in trade is their sell-buy ducks, chickens, turkeys, rabbits, and deer.
Aztec architecture nations are simple, more important function than physical beauty. In the mountains, home of the Aztec bricks are dried, like a brick that we know in Indonesia. In low, their house sided branches or rice that plestered with clay and roof with reed. As an additional residence on the main, generally they have other buildings such as storage and the entire family steam bath. Aztec rich people who have a house of brick or stone built a corral Patio, namely the wide open space in the middle of the house.
Aztec temples and other buildings decorated with statues is one of the beautiful works in the United States. But only a few relicts of Aztec architecture that can still be found. Spanish people, who are Christians, have to destroy temples and religious heritage of the Aztec. They have even destroyed the old city Tenochitlan.
Of processed agricultural products in the fields of agriculture fields are avocado, red beans and corn, they also make a craft of gold and silver for jewelry. From trading activities and types of goods them product that sell-buy and facilities supporting the build experts concluded that the nation has a level of Aztec culture and civilization that high. This collapse of civilization due to conquest by the Spanish under Hernando Cortez in 1521.
b. Maya culture
Maya tribes inhabit the regions of Mexico and South parts of Central America other. There is a cultural center in the Peninsula Yukatan. Most of the city is estimated at the beginning of the century-3 in the dense forests of Guatemala and the last is built on the 10-century and century-11 on a plain in the North Yukatan. Cities is a legacy of the Maya who have a high level of culture with the architecture's most diverse and most advanced. This tribe of Maya culture developed from centuries BC to 1-to-Christian starting fragment.
Maya culture is based on the agrarian life. They are planting corn, pepper and fruit. They keep the turkeys and dogs, and fish along the coast. They also spin cotton, and sell them to other places. Thus, it can be concluded that the Maya do trading activities other than farming. Them product bring their goods directly to buyers who are very far in the distance Central America.
Social organization of the Maya tribes marked with command the rich elite, which also trade, the elite also serves as master of ceremonies in the belief in their rituals. They also include the educated who have privileges to learn science. Outside that group, there are farmers and have a slave by the other. Maya nation has a system similar to any posts Hierogliyph. This paper used to record important events. The note that they also develop functional history as registrar of birth, marriage, and death of kings Maya.
With the development of any posts, science is developing, this nation has been with the calendar year amounted to 18 months of each month of 20 days, and have one month of 5 days. One year so that there is 365 days. They have also been developed in mathematics. In addition, astronomy is a science that they develop.
Ancient Maya of the nation to build a monument and established the city majestic stone for the gods. At least 80 sites have important legacy of the Maya in Central America lie around. Some of the temple site high more than 60 meters.
Maya culture developed with the fertile, especially in Guatemala and Yukatan. However, culture is the strong influence of Mexican culture Teotihuakan the middle. As one of the largest cities in the world, the city during the peak Teotihuakan inhabited by approximately 100,000 people living in the Adobe or the houses of raw brick and venerate the god in the great pyramid of stone that until now is still found in many cities near Mexico. From the 4th century until the 8th century they spread in Central America. The architect and the carpenters and the building with pattern. Toetihuakan even after falling into the hands of those who have not been cultured in the year 700, authority still alive.
Most of the buildings, amounting to more than 200 in place as Kaminaluyu residual Maya ancient tribe on the edge of Guatemala power that was built at that time. The biggest of which is pyramid-shaped stone that high more than 26 meters with two grave spaces in it. The king's body placed on the wooden stage in the center of one of the grave space. This corpse rounding bodies other suspected remains of those who oversee sacrificed king to lead a trip to another world. In this room, also found the decoration of precious stones, bones and conch, and glassware that showed the wealth of culture.
Uaxactun residual debris is in the middle of the Maya area a younger age. One of the buildings in the form of the former foot pyramid-shaped temple doorstep appear glued to the face make up. The building was founded around the year 250 BC. Survival of this kind is also found in the northern Maya area.
In the Classical era, the year 300-500, culture Maya tribes in the middle of the peak of glory. Architecture developed with the increase in the quality of the building. One of the characteristics is developed building stone which is the most sacred buildings such as the temple or monastery. Temple of Tikal in the height reached around 888 meters is the highest temple. Monastery in the Maya culture sometimes include a very wide area so that like the city, more suitable place is called the central religious ceremony performed. However, between the years 800 to 950, the center is a one-religi at a neglected and abandoned people. Maya collapse of the nation as a conquest troops Hernando Cortez in 1521.
c. Inca culture
Inca is a group of clan was originally inhabited Peru area. According to legend, origin Inca tribe was a group of children from the sun god, who comes from a cave in the southeast city of Cuzco. Nation Inca Cuzco area has been inhabited since about 1200 years. but since Panchacuti conquest of power by the year 1438, the Inca began to expand its area defeated with the surroundings. Finally, they form a large region of power and the broad sweep of Quito in the North until the middle of Chile. Inca language mention of his Tabuantisuyu, meaning regions that include the four areas. Name the show that all regions of the nation Inca divided into four geographic become, which is divided into more than 80 provinces. Lord is in the hands of a leader who is considered as the representative of the god sun.
Inca culture developed along the western United States, especially Peru. Arkeologis evidence about the existence of the Inca culture, which originated from Killke phase (1200-1380), found in the area around Cuzco in the highlands of southern Peru. Based on the results of the evacuation site in the region is that the Inca when the picture is but a small area only.
Like other American tribes, the nation has a character Inca military expansion so that the Imperium is done with the war. Since the power held by the ruling Pachacuti years 1438 - 1471, Inca expand his territory defeat with the surroundings. During the government instead of the Topa Inca Pachacuti, the Inca expanded powers with defeating Coastal areas of southern Peru, Bolivia South., Argebtina northwest, and Chile. Of Topa Inca Huayna Capac is a rule from the year 1493 until the year 1525, M. after dead of Huayna Capac, the power struggle occurred between Huascar and Attahualpa.
Inca nation has a livelihood from agriculture or agrarian life. Since 600-1000 years BC, the Inca had developed in the field of agriculture. They create a terracing system to keep out floods. To cultivate the land, they use a plow made of bronze. Crops planted by the stout Inca society is nuts, corn, pepper, tomatoes, and potatoes. Agricultural products are used to meet the consumption of farmers, also to eat a large number of army, the bureaucracy and thousands of factory workers. Drink of the nation's typical Inca Chica is the kind of beer made from corn.
Inca nation is a nation that is national. Use of the national language in force by the king to the people. During the Topa Inca language Quechua as a lingua franca is set in the entire region Tahuanntinsuyu.
Inca nations have organized a community organization. As a basic unit or organization's bottom is Inca ayllu community, the family that is based endogama lineage male. Ayllu groups that from one region and then form larger groups called me. Each region (province) is usually made up of two or three administrative regions (waman). Inca hegemony government consists of a tsar is in the states themselves as the descendants of the sun god core. Hence the title of the Inca used king are Intip Cori (which means son of Sun god). Underneath is the official who called apo as authorities in each region section (region 4). Under tokrikoq have become the ruler of each province.
Inca nation who have advanced knowledge and develop. Although science is developing in Inca can not surpass the development of science in the Aztec and Maya. In the field of Mathematics and Astronomy Inca nation can not surpass the progress in the Aztec and Maya.
Inca nation who have a rapid development in the field of art, especially art building. As in the making of textiles and ceramics, building fortresses defense, and the road-width of the road. Progress in this field of art can not be separated from the government to set up ability community.
In the field of social care is king in terms of marriage. Men or women who are already mature and have not yet choose couple of others as assistant. Then they is integrated in the public ceremony.
In the field of religion, the people trust the Inca sun god. Kings have their trusted relationship origin or descent with the sun god. The sun god was very big impact in the community and even the Inca society there is a belief that the sun god that the lower the Inca royalty. Therefore, every king who ruled are regarded the same as the sun god. Not known with certainty, whether the nation Inca also perform ceremonies such as human sacrifice Aztec nation.
In addition to venerate the sun god, the Inca also worship the spirit of the ancestor. Worship is conducted with a ceremony that jumbo. Kuzko in their store in mummy pack cloth, it seems mummy is the king who ruled at the time of Manko ax (the first Inca). Mummy is placed in a magnificent house which, like the palace, like they still live in turn issued to witness the ceremony. Royalty that is less important, the high and noble people of the family is able to preserve bones.
Belief in the deity of the Inca did not play a role that includes the entire life of the Inca Kingdom of religious institutions that have dogged the government as part of and under the government.
Development of the Inca culture is so high end to this destruction. The downfall of the nation Inca conquest because troops Francisco Pizzaro year 1533.
a. Muhammad Yamin in his book "History of America" said that the Indian nations are from Asia, into the United States in 3 waves at the time of neolithikum. The first
wave of migration is the Mongols from Asia to the East Sea with North America via
Bering Strait, approximately 13,000 years ago. The second wave of Austronesian
peoples from west to east through the Pacific ocean and arrive in South America.
Third wave of migration by sea Austronesia ocean currents that move from New
Zealand and East Asia moves toward South America. Solidarity between peoples and Mongols Austronesia forth in the American Indian nations.
b. According to another version, approximately 20,000 to 50,000 years ago the nation
Amurian from Siberia in Russia wade through the Bering strait to the continent
Amerika.kemudian followed by the Mongols to the early centuries BC-1, from
mixing the two nations, the United States was born Indian civilization (Amerind ) that
spread throughout the continental United States from north to south, they live from
hunting, fishing, gathering food and wild fruits.
Indian nations are developing in the United States consist of various tribes. Among the tribes of Indian nations, which have the high civilization and culture, such as The Aztek and Maya in Mexico and the Inca tribe in Peru.
a. Aztec culture
Nahua tribe, who arrived in the last Mexican land high, inherited the family culture in a broad area. One of the tribe that is or Mexica-Aztec Aztec. In the beginning of the nation is the Aztec tribe who first fought in the borderland region. During their odyssey as a group of outside lines, Aztec nations sometimes have to decline dressed leaves and insects to eat. In the years around 1325 BC until the Aztec nation is now at the city of Mexico. That time the place is a marshy lake plate and smaller islands.On an island in the lake Tecoco, Aztec nations have inspiring because it was such looked a eagle with a snake in the mouth, who are on a perch on the cactus. Because it is considered as a supernatural omen, the pastor declaration that island nation have been selected for the Aztec gods by them. In there build their city Tenochtitlan. They expand the city with the raft-raft made of plaited rattan twig and the hillock soil and plants. In the area of this lake they develop agriculture that is primitive. City Tenocthitlan the Aztec nation was founded by then evolved into a center of ritual activities. Cult pyramid-shaped building lot is established.
Aztec nation is a nation that go to war, for them the war is part of the culture and part of the system of belief. Aztec nation worship many gods or politheisme. They worship the sun god Huitzilochti. They believe that the sun is the source of life and must be continually maintained, continue to be outstanding on orbite and rotates up and drowned. Lubricant is needed for the pure blood of the people. They believe that human sacrifice is a sacred task and must be done so that the sun god still provide prosperity for people. The ritual sacrifice is done over the altar culminated pyramid by taking a heart for the victims of clergy. Ritual human sacrifice is also done in bulk in a way to kill many people.
There are three hypothetical made by the anthropologist about the reasons of human reason for the addition of the god, namely:
1. Sacrifice is done to reduce the number of people, especially since the number of
prisoners of war increased rapidly compared with the number of births.
2. To give to the bodies of people who sacrificed as a source of protein and vitamins.
Hypothetical is very weak, because the Aztec nation produce corn, beans, and keep
the dog, chickens and turkeys.
3. Opinion is more rational to scaring the protester and the rebels, so they do
not fight against the king's authority. Many of the prisoners of war and made a large
number of victims to the sun god, the people who become innocent targets also fall
victim to such a general one in lead the war, the grafter, the judge wrongly decided,
and state officials who do wrong, including the enter the forbidden area of the king's
palace.
In book State and Nation, Huzlopochtli mentioned that, in particular, as gluttonous so special ceremony at the thousands of people sacrificed as offerings in time for one day only. Monte Zuma II never compromising the 5100 victims in a memorial service hi throne. At the time Ahuitzolt the power on the 15-th century, at least 20,000 people become victims of life in the ceremony. Send with potential victims to the top of pyramid where the pastor gets their heart and cut the victim with a knife a glass stone, and dedicating with warm and still-warm blood smeared the stone altar to the gods. For offering such a mass, the Aztec nation can not rely on volunteers and therefore, they often send a group of combatants to the allies to intercept the candidates of the victim.At the peak of the triumph of Aztec, Tenochittlan is the central ritual of the blood to-be. Various reception ritual and other, creating a life-visional by the symbol of death. For the Aztec nation, human blood is a ritual to prevent the destruction of the world, that they are marked by lost the sun. The ritual sacrifice to the Aztec nation is not that egregious, as well as for potential victims. According to their belief, in the death of the pastor is an honor. Be devoted to the victims of the gods with a chest chop and take heart, not so angry and hungry, and bring in natural disasters. Belief in this view of the Aztec influence. Since childhood they have been trained to be ready to sacrifice rituals when their captivity in the war. Died as a sacrifice for the ceremony means that chip in their hearts and blood to be devoted to the sun god, and thus participate in the strengthening sun daily battle against the dark (night) so that they become an important part of the sun.
Aztec nations have built art or architecture that is very high. When the people come to Spain Tenocl cities (Mexico City) they see the progress of this nation. Here there are buildings such as aquadec or other building, where the main street of the city, wide streets, and canals that go through the city and the bridge above. Buildings using high technology, according to time. In the center of the city built major temples as offerings to the sun god. High building 30 meters, consists of three levels, each level has a 120 round. Build in the streets and canals that are wide to facilitate the traffic of merchandise and people. Program in trade is their sell-buy ducks, chickens, turkeys, rabbits, and deer.
Aztec architecture nations are simple, more important function than physical beauty. In the mountains, home of the Aztec bricks are dried, like a brick that we know in Indonesia. In low, their house sided branches or rice that plestered with clay and roof with reed. As an additional residence on the main, generally they have other buildings such as storage and the entire family steam bath. Aztec rich people who have a house of brick or stone built a corral Patio, namely the wide open space in the middle of the house.
Aztec temples and other buildings decorated with statues is one of the beautiful works in the United States. But only a few relicts of Aztec architecture that can still be found. Spanish people, who are Christians, have to destroy temples and religious heritage of the Aztec. They have even destroyed the old city Tenochitlan.
Of processed agricultural products in the fields of agriculture fields are avocado, red beans and corn, they also make a craft of gold and silver for jewelry. From trading activities and types of goods them product that sell-buy and facilities supporting the build experts concluded that the nation has a level of Aztec culture and civilization that high. This collapse of civilization due to conquest by the Spanish under Hernando Cortez in 1521.
b. Maya culture
Maya tribes inhabit the regions of Mexico and South parts of Central America other. There is a cultural center in the Peninsula Yukatan. Most of the city is estimated at the beginning of the century-3 in the dense forests of Guatemala and the last is built on the 10-century and century-11 on a plain in the North Yukatan. Cities is a legacy of the Maya who have a high level of culture with the architecture's most diverse and most advanced. This tribe of Maya culture developed from centuries BC to 1-to-Christian starting fragment.
Maya culture is based on the agrarian life. They are planting corn, pepper and fruit. They keep the turkeys and dogs, and fish along the coast. They also spin cotton, and sell them to other places. Thus, it can be concluded that the Maya do trading activities other than farming. Them product bring their goods directly to buyers who are very far in the distance Central America.
Social organization of the Maya tribes marked with command the rich elite, which also trade, the elite also serves as master of ceremonies in the belief in their rituals. They also include the educated who have privileges to learn science. Outside that group, there are farmers and have a slave by the other. Maya nation has a system similar to any posts Hierogliyph. This paper used to record important events. The note that they also develop functional history as registrar of birth, marriage, and death of kings Maya.
With the development of any posts, science is developing, this nation has been with the calendar year amounted to 18 months of each month of 20 days, and have one month of 5 days. One year so that there is 365 days. They have also been developed in mathematics. In addition, astronomy is a science that they develop.Ancient Maya of the nation to build a monument and established the city majestic stone for the gods. At least 80 sites have important legacy of the Maya in Central America lie around. Some of the temple site high more than 60 meters.
Maya culture developed with the fertile, especially in Guatemala and Yukatan. However, culture is the strong influence of Mexican culture Teotihuakan the middle. As one of the largest cities in the world, the city during the peak Teotihuakan inhabited by approximately 100,000 people living in the Adobe or the houses of raw brick and venerate the god in the great pyramid of stone that until now is still found in many cities near Mexico. From the 4th century until the 8th century they spread in Central America. The architect and the carpenters and the building with pattern. Toetihuakan even after falling into the hands of those who have not been cultured in the year 700, authority still alive.
Most of the buildings, amounting to more than 200 in place as Kaminaluyu residual Maya ancient tribe on the edge of Guatemala power that was built at that time. The biggest of which is pyramid-shaped stone that high more than 26 meters with two grave spaces in it. The king's body placed on the wooden stage in the center of one of the grave space. This corpse rounding bodies other suspected remains of those who oversee sacrificed king to lead a trip to another world. In this room, also found the decoration of precious stones, bones and conch, and glassware that showed the wealth of culture.
Uaxactun residual debris is in the middle of the Maya area a younger age. One of the buildings in the form of the former foot pyramid-shaped temple doorstep appear glued to the face make up. The building was founded around the year 250 BC. Survival of this kind is also found in the northern Maya area.
In the Classical era, the year 300-500, culture Maya tribes in the middle of the peak of glory. Architecture developed with the increase in the quality of the building. One of the characteristics is developed building stone which is the most sacred buildings such as the temple or monastery. Temple of Tikal in the height reached around 888 meters is the highest temple. Monastery in the Maya culture sometimes include a very wide area so that like the city, more suitable place is called the central religious ceremony performed. However, between the years 800 to 950, the center is a one-religi at a neglected and abandoned people. Maya collapse of the nation as a conquest troops Hernando Cortez in 1521.
c. Inca culture
Inca is a group of clan was originally inhabited Peru area. According to legend, origin Inca tribe was a group of children from the sun god, who comes from a cave in the southeast city of Cuzco. Nation Inca Cuzco area has been inhabited since about 1200 years. but since Panchacuti conquest of power by the year 1438, the Inca began to expand its area defeated with the surroundings. Finally, they form a large region of power and the broad sweep of Quito in the North until the middle of Chile. Inca language mention of his Tabuantisuyu, meaning regions that include the four areas. Name the show that all regions of the nation Inca divided into four geographic become, which is divided into more than 80 provinces. Lord is in the hands of a leader who is considered as the representative of the god sun.Inca culture developed along the western United States, especially Peru. Arkeologis evidence about the existence of the Inca culture, which originated from Killke phase (1200-1380), found in the area around Cuzco in the highlands of southern Peru. Based on the results of the evacuation site in the region is that the Inca when the picture is but a small area only.
Like other American tribes, the nation has a character Inca military expansion so that the Imperium is done with the war. Since the power held by the ruling Pachacuti years 1438 - 1471, Inca expand his territory defeat with the surroundings. During the government instead of the Topa Inca Pachacuti, the Inca expanded powers with defeating Coastal areas of southern Peru, Bolivia South., Argebtina northwest, and Chile. Of Topa Inca Huayna Capac is a rule from the year 1493 until the year 1525, M. after dead of Huayna Capac, the power struggle occurred between Huascar and Attahualpa.
Inca nation has a livelihood from agriculture or agrarian life. Since 600-1000 years BC, the Inca had developed in the field of agriculture. They create a terracing system to keep out floods. To cultivate the land, they use a plow made of bronze. Crops planted by the stout Inca society is nuts, corn, pepper, tomatoes, and potatoes. Agricultural products are used to meet the consumption of farmers, also to eat a large number of army, the bureaucracy and thousands of factory workers. Drink of the nation's typical Inca Chica is the kind of beer made from corn.
Inca nation is a nation that is national. Use of the national language in force by the king to the people. During the Topa Inca language Quechua as a lingua franca is set in the entire region Tahuanntinsuyu.
Inca nations have organized a community organization. As a basic unit or organization's bottom is Inca ayllu community, the family that is based endogama lineage male. Ayllu groups that from one region and then form larger groups called me. Each region (province) is usually made up of two or three administrative regions (waman). Inca hegemony government consists of a tsar is in the states themselves as the descendants of the sun god core. Hence the title of the Inca used king are Intip Cori (which means son of Sun god). Underneath is the official who called apo as authorities in each region section (region 4). Under tokrikoq have become the ruler of each province.
Inca nation who have advanced knowledge and develop. Although science is developing in Inca can not surpass the development of science in the Aztec and Maya. In the field of Mathematics and Astronomy Inca nation can not surpass the progress in the Aztec and Maya.
Inca nation who have a rapid development in the field of art, especially art building. As in the making of textiles and ceramics, building fortresses defense, and the road-width of the road. Progress in this field of art can not be separated from the government to set up ability community.
In the field of social care is king in terms of marriage. Men or women who are already mature and have not yet choose couple of others as assistant. Then they is integrated in the public ceremony.
In the field of religion, the people trust the Inca sun god. Kings have their trusted relationship origin or descent with the sun god. The sun god was very big impact in the community and even the Inca society there is a belief that the sun god that the lower the Inca royalty. Therefore, every king who ruled are regarded the same as the sun god. Not known with certainty, whether the nation Inca also perform ceremonies such as human sacrifice Aztec nation.
In addition to venerate the sun god, the Inca also worship the spirit of the ancestor. Worship is conducted with a ceremony that jumbo. Kuzko in their store in mummy pack cloth, it seems mummy is the king who ruled at the time of Manko ax (the first Inca). Mummy is placed in a magnificent house which, like the palace, like they still live in turn issued to witness the ceremony. Royalty that is less important, the high and noble people of the family is able to preserve bones.
Belief in the deity of the Inca did not play a role that includes the entire life of the Inca Kingdom of religious institutions that have dogged the government as part of and under the government.
Development of the Inca culture is so high end to this destruction. The downfall of the nation Inca conquest because troops Francisco Pizzaro year 1533.
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