a. Muhammad Yamin in his book "History of America" said that the Indian nations are from Asia, into the United States in 3 waves at the time of neolithikum. The first
wave of migration is the Mongols from Asia to the East Sea with North America via
Bering Strait, approximately 13,000 years ago. The second wave of Austronesian
peoples from west to east through the Pacific ocean and arrive in South America.
Third wave of migration by sea Austronesia ocean currents that move from New
Zealand and East Asia moves toward South America. Solidarity between peoples and Mongols Austronesia forth in the American Indian nations.

b. According to another version, approximately 20,000 to 50,000 years ago the nation
Amurian from Siberia in Russia wade through the Bering strait to the continent
Amerika.kemudian followed by the Mongols to the early centuries BC-1, from
mixing the two nations, the United States was born Indian civilization (Amerind ) that
spread throughout the continental United States from north to south, they live from
hunting, fishing, gathering food and wild fruits.

Indian nations are developing in the United States consist of various tribes. Among the tribes of Indian nations, which have the high civilization and culture, such as The Aztek and Maya in Mexico and the Inca tribe in Peru.


a. Aztec culture

Nahua tribe, who arrived in the last Mexican land high, inherited the family culture in a broad area. One of the tribe that is or Mexica-Aztec Aztec. In the beginning of the nation is the Aztec tribe who first fought in the borderland region. During their odyssey as a group of outside lines, Aztec nations sometimes have to decline dressed leaves and insects to eat. In the years around 1325 BC until the Aztec nation is now at the city of Mexico. That time the place is a marshy lake plate and smaller islands.
On an island in the lake Tecoco, Aztec nations have inspiring because it was such looked a eagle with a snake in the mouth, who are on a perch on the cactus. Because it is considered as a supernatural omen, the pastor declaration that island nation have been selected for the Aztec gods by them. In there build their city Tenochtitlan. They expand the city with the raft-raft made of plaited rattan twig and the hillock soil and plants. In the area of this lake they develop agriculture that is primitive. City Tenocthitlan the Aztec nation was founded by then evolved into a center of ritual activities. Cult pyramid-shaped building lot is established.

Aztec nation is a nation that go to war, for them the war is part of the culture and part of the system of belief. Aztec nation worship many gods or politheisme. They worship the sun god Huitzilochti. They believe that the sun is the source of life and must be continually maintained, continue to be outstanding on orbite and rotates up and drowned. Lubricant is needed for the pure blood of the people. They believe that human sacrifice is a sacred task and must be done so that the sun god still provide prosperity for people. The ritual sacrifice is done over the altar culminated pyramid by taking a heart for the victims of clergy. Ritual human sacrifice is also done in bulk in a way to kill many people.
There are three hypothetical made by the anthropologist about the reasons of human reason for the addition of the god, namely:

1. Sacrifice is done to reduce the number of people, especially since the number of
prisoners of war increased rapidly compared with the number of births.
2. To give to the bodies of people who sacrificed as a source of protein and vitamins.
Hypothetical is very weak, because the Aztec nation produce corn, beans, and keep
the dog, chickens and turkeys.
3. Opinion is more rational to scaring the protester and the rebels, so they do
not fight against the king's authority. Many of the prisoners of war and made a large
number of victims to the sun god, the people who become innocent targets also fall
victim to such a general one in lead the war, the grafter, the judge wrongly decided,
and state officials who do wrong, including the enter the forbidden area of the king's
palace.

In book State and Nation, Huzlopochtli mentioned that, in particular, as gluttonous so special ceremony at the thousands of people sacrificed as offerings in time for one day only. Monte Zuma II never compromising the 5100 victims in a memorial service hi throne. At the time Ahuitzolt the power on the 15-th century, at least 20,000 people become victims of life in the ceremony. Send with potential victims to the top of pyramid where the pastor gets their heart and cut the victim with a knife a glass stone, and dedicating with warm and still-warm blood smeared the stone altar to the gods. For offering such a mass, the Aztec nation can not rely on volunteers and therefore, they often send a group of combatants to the allies to intercept the candidates of the victim.
At the peak of the triumph of Aztec, Tenochittlan is the central ritual of the blood to-be. Various reception ritual and other, creating a life-visional by the symbol of death. For the Aztec nation, human blood is a ritual to prevent the destruction of the world, that they are marked by lost the sun. The ritual sacrifice to the Aztec nation is not that egregious, as well as for potential victims. According to their belief, in the death of the pastor is an honor. Be devoted to the victims of the gods with a chest chop and take heart, not so angry and hungry, and bring in natural disasters. Belief in this view of the Aztec influence. Since childhood they have been trained to be ready to sacrifice rituals when their captivity in the war. Died as a sacrifice for the ceremony means that chip in their hearts and blood to be devoted to the sun god, and thus participate in the strengthening sun daily battle against the dark (night) so that they become an important part of the sun.

Aztec nations have built art or architecture that is very high. When the people come to Spain Tenocl cities (Mexico City) they see the progress of this nation. Here there are buildings such as aquadec or other building, where the main street of the city, wide streets, and canals that go through the city and the bridge above. Buildings using high technology, according to time. In the center of the city built major temples as offerings to the sun god. High building 30 meters, consists of three levels, each level has a 120 round. Build in the streets and canals that are wide to facilitate the traffic of merchandise and people. Program in trade is their sell-buy ducks, chickens, turkeys, rabbits, and deer.


Aztec architecture nations are simple, more important function than physical beauty. In the mountains, home of the Aztec bricks are dried, like a brick that we know in Indonesia. In low, their house sided branches or rice that plestered with clay and roof with reed. As an additional residence on the main, generally they have other buildings such as storage and the entire family steam bath. Aztec rich people who have a house of brick or stone built a corral Patio, namely the wide open space in the middle of the house.

Aztec temples and other buildings decorated with statues is one of the beautiful works in the United States. But only a few relicts of Aztec architecture that can still be found. Spanish people, who are Christians, have to destroy temples and religious heritage of the Aztec. They have even destroyed the old city Tenochitlan.
Of processed agricultural products in the fields of agriculture fields are avocado, red beans and corn, they also make a craft of gold and silver for jewelry. From trading activities and types of goods them product that sell-buy and facilities supporting the build experts concluded that the nation has a level of Aztec culture and civilization that high. This collapse of civilization due to conquest by the Spanish under Hernando Cortez in 1521.

b. Maya culture

Maya tribes inhabit the regions of Mexico and South parts of Central America other. There is a cultural center in the Peninsula Yukatan. Most of the city is estimated at the beginning of the century-3 in the dense forests of Guatemala and the last is built on the 10-century and century-11 on a plain in the North Yukatan. Cities is a legacy of the Maya who have a high level of culture with the architecture's most diverse and most advanced. This tribe of Maya culture developed from centuries BC to 1-to-Christian starting fragment.
Maya culture is based on the agrarian life. They are planting corn, pepper and fruit. They keep the turkeys and dogs, and fish along the coast. They also spin cotton, and sell them to other places. Thus, it can be concluded that the Maya do trading activities other than farming. Them product bring their goods directly to buyers who are very far in the distance Central America.

Social organization of the Maya tribes marked with command the rich elite, which also trade, the elite also serves as master of ceremonies in the belief in their rituals. They also include the educated who have privileges to learn science. Outside that group, there are farmers and have a slave by the other. Maya nation has a system similar to any posts Hierogliyph. This paper used to record important events. The note that they also develop functional history as registrar of birth, marriage, and death of kings Maya.

With the development of any posts, science is developing, this nation has been with the calendar year amounted to 18 months of each month of 20 days, and have one month of 5 days. One year so that there is 365 days. They have also been developed in mathematics. In addition, astronomy is a science that they develop.

Ancient Maya of the nation to build a monument and established the city majestic stone for the gods. At least 80 sites have important legacy of the Maya in Central America lie around. Some of the temple site high more than 60 meters.

Maya culture developed with the fertile, especially in Guatemala and Yukatan. However, culture is the strong influence of Mexican culture Teotihuakan the middle. As one of the largest cities in the world, the city during the peak Teotihuakan inhabited by approximately 100,000 people living in the Adobe or the houses of raw brick and venerate the god in the great pyramid of stone that until now is still found in many cities near Mexico. From the 4th century until the 8th century they spread in Central America. The architect and the carpenters and the building with pattern. Toetihuakan even after falling into the hands of those who have not been cultured in the year 700, authority still alive.

Most of the buildings, amounting to more than 200 in place as Kaminaluyu residual Maya ancient tribe on the edge of Guatemala power that was built at that time. The biggest of which is pyramid-shaped stone that high more than 26 meters with two grave spaces in it. The king's body placed on the wooden stage in the center of one of the grave space. This corpse rounding bodies other suspected remains of those who oversee sacrificed king to lead a trip to another world. In this room, also found the decoration of precious stones, bones and conch, and glassware that showed the wealth of culture.
Uaxactun residual debris is in the middle of the Maya area a younger age. One of the buildings in the form of the former foot pyramid-shaped temple doorstep appear glued to the face make up. The building was founded around the year 250 BC. Survival of this kind is also found in the northern Maya area.

In the Classical era, the year 300-500, culture Maya tribes in the middle of the peak of glory. Architecture developed with the increase in the quality of the building. One of the characteristics is developed building stone which is the most sacred buildings such as the temple or monastery. Temple of Tikal in the height reached around 888 meters is the highest temple. Monastery in the Maya culture sometimes include a very wide area so that like the city, more suitable place is called the central religious ceremony performed. However, between the years 800 to 950, the center is a one-religi at a neglected and abandoned people. Maya collapse of the nation as a conquest troops Hernando Cortez in 1521.

c. Inca culture

Inca is a group of clan was originally inhabited Peru area. According to legend, origin Inca tribe was a group of children from the sun god, who comes from a cave in the southeast city of Cuzco. Nation Inca Cuzco area has been inhabited since about 1200 years. but since Panchacuti conquest of power by the year 1438, the Inca began to expand its area defeated with the surroundings. Finally, they form a large region of power and the broad sweep of Quito in the North until the middle of Chile. Inca language mention of his Tabuantisuyu, meaning regions that include the four areas. Name the show that all regions of the nation Inca divided into four geographic become, which is divided into more than 80 provinces. Lord is in the hands of a leader who is considered as the representative of the god sun.

Inca culture developed along the western United States, especially Peru. Arkeologis evidence about the existence of the Inca culture, which originated from Killke phase (1200-1380), found in the area around Cuzco in the highlands of southern Peru. Based on the results of the evacuation site in the region is that the Inca when the picture is but a small area only.

Like other American tribes, the nation has a character Inca military expansion so that the Imperium is done with the war. Since the power held by the ruling Pachacuti years 1438 - 1471, Inca expand his territory defeat with the surroundings. During the government instead of the Topa Inca Pachacuti, the Inca expanded powers with defeating Coastal areas of southern Peru, Bolivia South., Argebtina northwest, and Chile. Of Topa Inca Huayna Capac is a rule from the year 1493 until the year 1525, M. after dead of Huayna Capac, the power struggle occurred between Huascar and Attahualpa.
Inca nation has a livelihood from agriculture or agrarian life. Since 600-1000 years BC, the Inca had developed in the field of agriculture. They create a terracing system to keep out floods. To cultivate the land, they use a plow made of bronze. Crops planted by the stout Inca society is nuts, corn, pepper, tomatoes, and potatoes. Agricultural products are used to meet the consumption of farmers, also to eat a large number of army, the bureaucracy and thousands of factory workers. Drink of the nation's typical Inca Chica is the kind of beer made from corn.

Inca nation is a nation that is national. Use of the national language in force by the king to the people. During the Topa Inca language Quechua as a lingua franca is set in the entire region Tahuanntinsuyu.

Inca nations have organized a community organization. As a basic unit or organization's bottom is Inca ayllu community, the family that is based endogama lineage male. Ayllu groups that from one region and then form larger groups called me. Each region (province) is usually made up of two or three administrative regions (waman). Inca hegemony government consists of a tsar is in the states themselves as the descendants of the sun god core. Hence the title of the Inca used king are Intip Cori (which means son of Sun god). Underneath is the official who called apo as authorities in each region section (region 4). Under tokrikoq have become the ruler of each province.
Inca nation who have advanced knowledge and develop. Although science is developing in Inca can not surpass the development of science in the Aztec and Maya. In the field of Mathematics and Astronomy Inca nation can not surpass the progress in the Aztec and Maya.

Inca nation who have a rapid development in the field of art, especially art building. As in the making of textiles and ceramics, building fortresses defense, and the road-width of the road. Progress in this field of art can not be separated from the government to set up ability community.

In the field of social care is king in terms of marriage. Men or women who are already mature and have not yet choose couple of others as assistant. Then they is integrated in the public ceremony.

In the field of religion, the people trust the Inca sun god. Kings have their trusted relationship origin or descent with the sun god. The sun god was very big impact in the community and even the Inca society there is a belief that the sun god that the lower the Inca royalty. Therefore, every king who ruled are regarded the same as the sun god. Not known with certainty, whether the nation Inca also perform ceremonies such as human sacrifice Aztec nation.

In addition to venerate the sun god, the Inca also worship the spirit of the ancestor. Worship is conducted with a ceremony that jumbo. Kuzko in their store in mummy pack cloth, it seems mummy is the king who ruled at the time of Manko ax (the first Inca). Mummy is placed in a magnificent house which, like the palace, like they still live in turn issued to witness the ceremony. Royalty that is less important, the high and noble people of the family is able to preserve bones.

Belief in the deity of the Inca did not play a role that includes the entire life of the Inca Kingdom of religious institutions that have dogged the government as part of and under the government.

Development of the Inca culture is so high end to this destruction. The downfall of the nation Inca conquest because troops Francisco Pizzaro year 1533.

The popular legend of the Bermuda Triangle began with a 1964 article in the magazine ArgosyNational Geographic and Playboy merely repeated the legend without additional research. Many of the disappearances discussed in these articles and others did not even occur in the area of the Triangle. that described and named the Triangle. Further articles and reports in such magazines as.



The 1945 disappearance of five military airplanes and a rescue plane was the primary focus of the legend. In December of that year, Flight 19 set out on a training mission from Florida with a leader who wasn't feeling well, an underexperienced crew, a lack of navigation equipment, a limited supply of fuel, and rough seas below. Though the loss of Flight 19 may have initially seemed mysterious, the cause of its failure is well documented today.



There are a few real hazards in the area of the Bermuda Triangle that contribute to the accidents that occur in the wide swath of sea. The first is the lack of magnetic declination near 80° west (just off the coast of Miami). This agonic line is one of two points on the earth's surface where compasses point directly to the North Pole, versus to the Magnetic North Pole elsewhere on the planet. The change in declination can make compass navigation difficult.



Inexperienced pleasure boaters and aviators are common in the area of the triangle and the U.S. Coast Guard receives many distress calls from stranded seamen. They travel too far from the coast and often have an insufficient supply of fuel or knowledge of the swiftly moving Gulf Stream current.



Overall, the mystery surrounding the Bermuda Triangle is not much of a mystery at all but has simply been the result of an overemphasis on the accidents which have occurred in the area.



The incident that consolidated the reputation of the Bermuda Triangle was the disappearance in December 1945 of Flight 19, a training squadron of five U.S. Navy torpedo bombers. The squadron left Fort Lauderdale, Florida, with 14 crewmen and disappeared after radioing a series of distress messages; a seaplane sent in search of the squadron also disappeared. Aircraft that have disappeared in the area since this incident include a DC-3 carrying 27 passengers in 1948 and a C-124 Globemaster with 53 passengers in 1951. Among the ships that have disappeared was the tanker ship Marine Sulphur Queen, which vanished with 39 men aboard in 1963.



Books, articles, and television broadcasts investigating the Bermuda Triangle emphasize that, in the case of most of the disappearances, the weather was favorable, the disappearances occurred in daylight after a sudden break in radio contact, and the vessels vanished without a trace. However, skeptics point out that many supposed mysteries result from careless or biased consideration of data. For example, some losses attributed to the Bermuda Triangle actually occurred outside the area of the triangle in inclement weather conditions or in darkness, and some can be traced to known mechanical problems or inadequate equipment. In the case of Flight 19, for example, the squadron commander was relatively inexperienced, a compass was faulty, the squadron failed to follow instructions, and the aircraft were operating under conditions of deteriorating weather and visibility and with a low fuel supply. Other proposed explanations for disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle include the action of physical forces unknown to science, a “hole in the sky,” an unusual chemical component in the region's seawater, and abduction by extraterrestrial being



The Bermuda Triangle (a.k.a. the Devil's Triangle) is a triangular area in the Atlantic Ocean bounded roughly at its points by Miami, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. Legend has it that many people, ships and planes have mysteriously vanished in this area. How many have mysteriously disappeared depends on who is doing the locating and the counting. The size of the triangle varies from 500,000 square miles to three times that size, depending on the imagination of the author. (Some include the Azores, the Gulf of Mexico, and the West Indies in the "triangle.") Some trace the mystery back to the time of Columbus. Even so, estimates range from about 200 to no more than 1,000 incidents in the past 500 years. Gilarno claims that in 1973 the U.S. Coast Guard answered more than 8,000 distress calls in the area and that more than 50 ships and 20 planes have gone down in the Bermuda Triangle within the last century.

Being an entrepreneur is really appealing but not everybody can become one. One of the quickest and easiest ways to become a successful entrepreneur is by working at house through a home-based entrepreneur business.

Firstly, you need to evaluate your forces and weaknesses. After the valuation, you'll be able to now determine if you can handle your own online business. Apart from the evaluation process, you must know how to plan, organize, staff, and control. These are your responsibilities as an entrepreneur. You should be able to do work lonely because now you're the boss and all business decisions will be created by you.

Some tell that online businesses can be run without many problems. Well, they are very incorrect because even with an online business, you have to deal with certain business problems and runs a risk. You can't eliminate such risks because that goes hand in hand with any business undertaking, some for online and offline businesses. However, you can reduce the risks that you are bound to deal with in the future by choosing the best home-based entrepreneur business that will work for you.

Entrepreneurs are known to be self-starters. Organizing your time is a difficult task but if you want to run a home-based online business, you should be capable to do it. Remember, you do not have a boss that you can rely on. This is your business and you've to be responsible it at all times.

Running your own business would also mean that you've to deal with dissimilar kinds of persons. You will surely encounter demanding customers, moody vendors, and an unreliable staff. To become a successful home-based business entrepreneur, you should know how to deal with them individually. You should know the quirks of all person that you encounter and so that you can address them and the situation aright.

Running an online business is all about your attitude and character. According to some experts who conducted researches about the characteristics of entrepreneurs, there are certain traits that an entrepreneur should possess. As mentioned earlier, entrepreneurs are risk-takers, self-starters, and know how to deal with different kinds of people.

Those traits and characteristics are not enough. You've to have more than that. Some other trait that you should possess is being an excellent decision maker. Since you're the boss, you should be capable to create fast yet effective decisions. Some situations are filled with pressures but despite the pressures, you still need to make an informed and wise decision. As owner of your online business, you've no one else to rely on when it comes to business related decisions.

To be an effective online business entrepreneur, you must have lots of energy and superior work ethic. Owning an online business might mean working even out on late 60 minutes and on the weekends. However, you must not be pressured of your jobs. View them as challenges and strive even harder. Your efforts will be rewarded once you see the profits rolling in.

If you already know the responsibilities of an enterpriser, then you canful assess if you'll be able to become successful in an online business. Working on home through a home-based entrepreneur job requires dedication and hard work. You must be able to monitor your finances, tasks, inventory, work agendas, and a lot of others. Good luck and may your chosen home-based business become a success.

Many another humans present want to have a home-based business rather than working eight hours daily in the office. Some people are as well into franchising; this may sound good but if you want to become a successful entrepreneur, you don’t have to focus entirely on franchising. You should consider other business ideas that you can adventure into.

Research canful be accomplished with ease these days, thanks to the power of the internet. If you conduct your search online, you can find other business ideas that you can use as an entrepreneur. Beginners will benefit a lot from the information they can find online about business ideas.

Because of the a lot of business ideas you can find online, you will often find it hard to choose the ones you like. It’s easy to choose if you use your instincts. For instance, if one business idea feels right, take note of it just whenever you've second thoughts about another idea, disregard it.

As an entrepreneur, you should investigate further by gathering as much selective information as possible about the business ideas. True enough, franchise is absolutely a great idea. By choosing this business alternative, you can be the boss of your own business and you can earn unlimited income.

However, accordant to experts, enfranchisement and other World Wide Web businesses promise the same business opportunities. It will all differ on how you handle the business.

Not all individuals who desire to own a business canful achieve this goal. You see, beingness an entrepreneur is hard. There are a lot of factors to consider before you decide to become an entrepreneur. Even if you have the capital to finance the business undertaking, you can’t make sure that it can give you high profits in the future especially if you don’t know how to handle certain business situations.

First and foremost, you must be able to work alone. Once you’re an entrepreneur, you’re already self-employed. It would also be best if you can have the support of your loved ones.

Here is a really good example. As observed earlier, further investigation is needed to evaluate the business ideas that you have in your hands. Starting a business from scratch requires a lot of work. Suppose the business that you’re about to put up is as well available inward franchise, which business idea will you choose?

For the bright entrepreneurs, they'll already go for franchising because it requires less work. An established business undertaking is less expensive and less risky. But before you make a final decision, you must be able to weigh all the advantages also while disadvantages. This is an essential partially of choosing the best business idea.

Once you’ve chosen the right business idea, you can spring it into action. Soon enough, you will gain the financial benefits that you’re dreaming of. Whether you choose to start your own up business or go for franchising, the most of import thing is to develop grace. All the actions of the entrepreneur must be focused in attaining all the objectives of the business.

If you want to become an entrepreneur, you must research all the business ideas that you are able to get online. The internet can help you a lot. Also, do not blank out to develop the needed traits and sciences as an entrepreneur.

You can get many resources through the cyberspace or you can speak to an established entrepreneur so that you will have an idea on what you are about to undertake.

There are numerous perks to beingness a journey nurse. You get to see the many dissimilar and varied parts of the country, you tend to enjoy a bigger earnings then your stay at home base contemporaries, if you can't stand your workfellows you at least have the knowledge that you will only have to deal with them for a short period of time before you are able to move onto a whole new set of co-workers. Most journey nurses have large dental and wellness plans. You are constantly expanding on your working educations. You get to work with a wide variety of patients. Your traveling expenses are usually paid either by your journey nursing agency or your temporary employer. You rarely have to worry about finding a new home. You are making new friends all over the country. In some cases whenever you and your best friend are both travel nurses you will be able to do work side by side with a familiar with face. The benefits are lucrative. You're believably part of a great reward programme. Your temporary housing is fully furnished.

The down side to journey nursing is if you're a pet lover. The life-style of a journey nurse is not well suited for keeping a pet of her own.

One of the big reasons you'll probably have to find a new home for your dog and/or cat is all the journeying you'll be doing. It's hard and stressful for a dog or cat to be constantly moving from one part of the country to the next. Some pets are more adaptable then other people. if your pet has a hard time dealing with change, dragging it along on your cross country journeys could potentially shorten its life.

Consider the disbursement of traveling with your pet. The journey nursing federal agency generally makes sure that your travel expenses are paid for but that doesn't mean that they will be willing to pay your pet's journey expenses. More then likely your dog or cat's airplane ticket will come out of your pocket.

Journey nurses are generally provided with in full furnished housing that is close to the hospital or medical office that they are going to be working in. This housing is generally in the form of a hotel room or a shortly rent apartment. On the median this type of housing does not allow for pets because pets shred curtains, chew on furniture, ruin carpets, and expose other tenets to allergens. Whenever you insist on taking your pet along, you might find that you're going to have to find your very own housing, housings that will allow for you to keep a pet.

Pets, specially dogs, require a lot of your attention. This is especially true after you've transplanted them from the home they know into a home in a different part of the world. You will believably be working long hours. Do you really want to have to take your dog for a walk of life and play with it when you in the end get home.

If you decide that your new life style isn't fair to your pet, talk to your friends and family, find out if person is willing to accept your beloved pet into their own home provided that you pay their expenses. This will give you piece of mind knowing that your pet is in good hands while you're away from home, and will let you see them while you return home between businesses.